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Question

Give reasons for the following :
(i) Where R is an alkyl group, R3P=O exists but R3N=O does not.
(ii) PbCl4 is more covalent than PbCl2.
(iii) At room temperature, N2 is not very reactive.

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Solution

(i) P due presence of vacant d-orbitals forms pπdπ multiple bonds and hence can expand its covalency beyond four. Therefore, R3P=O exists in which covalency of P is 5. In R3N=O, the covalency of N is 5 but due to absence of d-orbitals N can not form pπdπ bonds and thus cannot expand its covalency beyond 4. Hence, R3N=O does not exist.

(ii) O.S of Pb in PbCl4 is +4 while in PbCl2 it is +2. Due to large amount of energy needed to lose all the four valence electrons, Pb4+ cannot be formed and PbCl4 (formed by sharing of electrons) will be thus more covalent than PbCl2.

(iii) In N2 (which is a gas at room temperature), NN is present. Due to its high bond dissociation energy (941.410 kJ mol1), it is unreactive at room temperature.

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