Hole in the heart is a congenital heart defect that is present at birth. Congenital heart defects change the normal flow of blood through the heart.
The heart has two sides, separated by an inner wall called the septum. The septum prevents mixing of blood between the two sides of the heart.
Some babies are born with a hole in the upper or lower septum. A hole in the septum between the heart's upper two chambers is called an atrial septal defect (ASD). A hole in the septum between the heart's lower two chambers is called a ventricular septal defect( VSD).
Hole in the septum can allow blood to pass from the left side of the heart to the right side means oxygen-rich blood can mix with oxygen-poor blood, causing the oxygen-rich blood to be pumped to the lungs a second time.
These are present since time of person's birth.
Reasons for this can be due to smoking by mother at the time of pregnancy, heredity or presence of other genetic disorders.
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