Question

Give reasons why British industries failed to recapture their old hold on the Indian market after the First World War.
Or
Identify the three different types of flow within the international economic exchanges.
Or
"The London underground railway became a huge success." Explain.

Answer 1

British industries failed to recapture their old hold on the Indian market after the First World War because of the following reasons
(i) During the war years, Indian Industries gradually consolidated their position by substituting foreign manufacturers and capturing the home market.
(ii) The nationalist movement had gained ground under Mahatma Gandhi and his call for use of Swadeshi products was largely supported. Countries like Japan, US and Germany had modernized and Britain could not compete with them.
(iii) The British economy crumbled after the world war and cotton production and exports fell dramatically.
Or
Economists identified three types of movements or flows within international economic exchanges. They were as follows
(i) The first is the flow of trade in the 19th century referred largely to trade In goods e.g. cloth or wheat.
(ii) The second is the flow of labour e.g. the migration of people in search of employment.
(iii) The third is the movement of capital for shod-term or long-term investment over tong distances.
Or
The London underground railway became a huge success because
(i) The London underground railway partially solved the housing crisis by carrying large masses of people to and from the city.
(ii) By the 20th century. most large metropolises such as New York, Tokyo and Chicago could not move without their well functioning transit system. While the underground railway became a huge success. By 1880, it was carrying 40 million passengers a year.
(iii) Population in the city became more dispersed. Better planned suburbs and a good railway network enabled large numbers to rive outside central London and travel to work.