Question

Give significance of glycocalyx.

Answer 1

Glycocalyx is the outermost mucilage layer of the cell envelope which consists of non-cellulosic polysaccharides with or without proteins. Glycocalyx may occur in the form of the loose sheath when it is called slime layer. If thick and tough, the mucilage covering is called capsule. Glycocalyx gives sticky character to the cell. It is not absolutely essential for the survival of bacteria. However, it has several secondary functions:

• Prevention of desiccation
  
• Protection from phagocytes
  
• Protection from toxic chemicals and drugs
  
• Protection from viruses
  
• Attachment
  
• Immunogenicity
  
• Virulence