Question

Give some examples of the electric dipole with an explanation.

Answer 1

Electric dipole

1. In electrostatics, when two charges equal in magnitude but have opposite signs in nature are placed at some distance, this forms an arrangement which is known as an electric dipole.
2. Its moment is known as the electric dipole moment whose direction is always from the negative charge to the positive charge side.

Dipole moment

1. Many molecules have bonds that are halfway between ionic and covalent connections. The difference in electronegativities between the atoms in these molecules is high enough that electrons aren't shared equally but small enough that electrons aren't pulled exclusively to one of the atoms, forming positive and negative ions.
2. Because the bonds in these molecules have positive and negative ends, or poles, they are referred to be polar, and the molecules are frequently referred to as having a dipole moment.

If two-point charges q and -q are separated by a distance of 2a on the dipole axis, the electric dipole moment equals $p=q\times 2a$

$$\begin{gathered} [whereq=magnitudeofcharge \\ 2a=separationbetweentwocharges] \end{gathered}$$

Example of electric dipole

1. $C{O}_2$ and $C{H}_4$ are the molecules whose dipole moment is zero but when placed in an electric field they produced a significant dipole moment in the direction opposite to that of the electric field.
2. $HCl$ molecules, for example, have a dipole moment because the hydrogen atom has a slight positive charge and the chlorine atom has a slight negative charge. A tiny dipole-dipole force of attraction exists between adjacent $HCl$l molecules due to the force of attraction between oppositely charged particles.