Question

Give the balanced chemical equations to prepare the following salts

(i) Lead sulphate from Lead carbonate

(ii) Sodium sulphate using dilute Sulphuric acid

(iii) Copper chloride using Copper carbonate

Answer 1

Part 1: Lead sulphate from Lead carbonate

1. Lead nitrate, water, and Carbon dioxide are produced when Lead carbonate interacts with Nitric acid.
2. Upon addition of Sulphuric acid to the Lead nitrate solution, Lead sulphate is formed.
3. $$\begin{gathered} \underset{(\mathrm{Lead}\mathrm{carbonate})}{\mathrm{Pb}\left({\mathrm{CO}}_3\right)\left(\mathrm{s}\right)}+\underset{(\mathrm{Nitric}\mathrm{acid})}{2{\mathrm{HNO}}_3\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)}\to \underset{(\mathrm{Lead}\mathrm{nitrate})}{\mathrm{Pb}{\left({\mathrm{NO}}_3\right)}_2\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)}+\underset{\left(\mathrm{water}\right)}{{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\left(\mathrm{l}\right)}+\underset{(\mathrm{Carbon}\mathrm{dioxide})}{{\mathrm{CO}}_2\left(\mathrm{g}\right)} \\ \underset{(\mathrm{Lead}\mathrm{nitrate})}{\mathrm{Pb}{\left({\mathrm{NO}}_3\right)}_2\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)}+\underset{\mathrm{Sulphuric}\mathrm{acid}}{{\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{SO}}_4\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)}\to \underset{\mathrm{Lead}\mathrm{sulphate}}{\mathrm{Pb}\left({\mathrm{SO}}_4\right)\left(\mathrm{s}\right)(\downarrow )}+\underset{\mathrm{Nitric}\mathrm{acid}}{2{\mathrm{HNO}}_3\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)} \end{gathered}$$

Part 2: Sodium sulphate using dilute Sulphuric acid

1. Using dilute Sulphuric acid, we must distinguish between Sodium nitrate and Sodium sulphate compounds.
2. $\underset{(\mathrm{Sdium}\mathrm{carbonate})}{{\mathrm{Na}}_2{\mathrm{CO}}_3\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)}+\underset{(\mathrm{Sulphuric}\mathrm{acid})}{\mathrm{dil}.{\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{SO}}_4\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)}\to \underset{(\mathrm{Sodium}\mathrm{sulphate})}{{\mathrm{Na}}_2{\mathrm{SO}}_4\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)}+\underset{\left(\mathrm{water}\right)}{{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\left(\mathrm{l}\right)}+\underset{(\mathrm{Carbon}\mathrm{dioxide})}{{\mathrm{CO}}_2\left(\mathrm{g}\right)\left(\uparrow \right)}$

Part 3: Copper chloride using Copper carbonate

1. Copper carbonate and hydrochloric acid are the reactants in this reaction. Copper chloride is formed when these two chemicals react.
2. As a result of this reaction, water and Carbon dioxide are produced as by-products.
3. The following is the chemical equation for the same:$\underset{(\mathrm{Copper}\mathrm{carbonate})}{{\mathrm{CuCO}}_3\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)}+\underset{(\mathrm{Hydrochloric}\mathrm{acid})}{2\mathrm{HCl}\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)}\to \underset{(\mathrm{Copper}\mathrm{chloride})}{{\mathrm{CuCl}}_2\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)\left(\mathrm{blue}\right)}+\underset{\left(\mathrm{Water}\right)}{{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\left(\mathrm{l}\right)}+\underset{(\mathrm{Carbon}\mathrm{dioxide})}{{\mathrm{CO}}_2\left(\uparrow \right)\left(\mathrm{g}\right)}$

Therefore, the balanced chemical equations are:-

(i) $$\begin{gathered} \underset{(\mathrm{Lead}\mathrm{carbonate})}{\mathrm{Pb}\left({\mathrm{CO}}_3\right)\left(\mathrm{s}\right)}+\underset{(\mathrm{Nitric}\mathrm{acid})}{2{\mathrm{HNO}}_3\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)}\to \underset{(\mathrm{Lead}\mathrm{nitrate})}{\mathrm{Pb}{\left({\mathrm{NO}}_3\right)}_2\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)}+\underset{\left(\mathrm{water}\right)}{{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\left(\mathrm{l}\right)}+\underset{(\mathrm{Carbon}\mathrm{dioxide})}{{\mathrm{CO}}_2\left(\mathrm{g}\right)} \\ \underset{(\mathrm{Lead}\mathrm{nitrate})}{\mathrm{Pb}{\left({\mathrm{NO}}_3\right)}_2\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)}+\underset{\mathrm{Sulphuric}\mathrm{acid}}{{\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{SO}}_4\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)}\to \underset{\mathrm{Lead}\mathrm{sulphate}}{\mathrm{Pb}\left({\mathrm{SO}}_4\right)\left(\mathrm{s}\right)(\downarrow )}+\underset{\mathrm{Nitric}\mathrm{acid}}{2{\mathrm{HNO}}_3\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)} \end{gathered}$$

(ii) $\underset{(\mathrm{Sdium}\mathrm{carbonate})}{{\mathrm{Na}}_2{\mathrm{CO}}_3\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)}+\underset{(\mathrm{Sulphuric}\mathrm{acid})}{\mathrm{dil}.{\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{SO}}_4\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)}\to \underset{(\mathrm{Sodium}\mathrm{sulphate})}{{\mathrm{Na}}_2{\mathrm{SO}}_4\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)}+\underset{\left(\mathrm{water}\right)}{{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\left(\mathrm{l}\right)}+\underset{(\mathrm{Carbon}\mathrm{dioxide})}{{\mathrm{CO}}_2\left(\mathrm{g}\right)\left(\uparrow \right)}$

(iii) $\underset{(\mathrm{Copper}\mathrm{carbonate})}{{\mathrm{CuCO}}_3\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)}+\underset{(\mathrm{Hydrochloric}\mathrm{acid})}{2\mathrm{HCl}\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)}\to \underset{(\mathrm{Copper}\mathrm{chloride})}{{\mathrm{CuCl}}_2\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)\left(\mathrm{blue}\right)}+\underset{\left(\mathrm{Water}\right)}{{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\left(\mathrm{l}\right)}+\underset{(\mathrm{Carbon}\mathrm{dioxide})}{{\mathrm{CO}}_2\left(\uparrow \right)\left(\mathrm{g}\right)}$