Question

Give the principle and explain the working of hydraulic brakes.

Answer 1

The principle of Pascal's law governs hydraulic brakes.

1. When pressure is applied to a fluid, it travels uniformly in all directions, according to this law.
2. As a result, when we exert force on a small piston, pressure is created, which is communicated to a larger piston via the fluid.
3. Uniform braking is provided to all four wheels as a result of the increased force.

Hydraulic brakes

1. Hydraulic brakes are named thus because they create braking force through hydraulic pressure.
2. Because liquids are incompressible, they are employed instead of gas.
3. Brake fluid is the fluid used in hydraulic brakes.

Construction of hydraulic brakes

1. It comprises a master cylinder with a piston attached.
2. With the use of a lever system, the piston $A$ is connected to the brake pedal.
3. A tube connects the master cylinder to the wheel cylinder. The wheel cylinder has two pistons, $B_1$ and $B_2$.
4. As indicated in the figure, these pistons press against the brake shoes.
5. Demonstrating with the help of figure.

Working on hydraulic brakes

1. When the foot pedal is squeezed to apply brakes, pressure is applied to the liquid in the master cylinder $P$, causing the liquid to flow out of the master cylinder $P$ and into the wheel cylinder $Q$.
2. As a result, the pressure is equally transmitted and undiminished through the liquid to the piston $B_1$ and $B_2$ of the wheel cylinder, causing both pistons to be forced outward and the brake shoes to be pressed against the wheel rim, causing the wheel to slow down.
3. As pressure is transmitted via the liquid, it exerts equal pressure on all of the vehicle's wheels connected to pipeline $R$.
4. When the pedals are released, the liquids return from the wheel cylinder $Q$ to the master cylinder $P$, the spring returns the brake shoes to their original position, and the pistons $B_1$ and $B_2$ are compelled to retune the wheel cylinder $Q$.
5. As a result, breaks are liberating.