Image A: In this image, the zero of the scale is not properly matched from the start of the object. This will give less reading of the length than the actual length.
Image B: In this image, the scale is not properly aligned along the outline of the object. This will give more reading of the length than the actual length.
Image C: In this image, the scale is broken, so there is no zero on the scale. The initial readings are also missing, so this scale cannot give correct measurement unless we measure the length from the middle of the scale.