Give three points of differences between inductive effect and resonance effect.

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Difference between inductive and resonance effect

Inductive Effect Resonance Effect

In inductive effect only partial polarisation of sigma bond occur due to electronegativity difference due to which partial positive and partial negative charge develops.

It is a distance dependent effect.

Inductive effect is affected by the electronegativity values of the atoms

In resonance effect there is a complete displacement of π-bond or nonbonding electron pair from one part of the conjugated system to the other part due to which complete positive and negative charge develops.

It is a distance independent effect.

The resonance effect is affected by conjugation.

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S.No	Inductive effect	Resonance effect
1	It involves displacement of a electrons in saturated compounds.	It involves displacement of $%$ electrons or lone pair of electrons in unsaturated and conjugated compounds.
2	In inductive effect, there is slight displacement of $σ$ electrons and partial +ve or-ve charge develops.	In this effect, there is complete transfer of $π$ electrons and as a result, complete +ye or -ye charge develops.
3	Inductive effect can move only upto 3 to 4 carbons.	In this case, movement of electrons all along the length of conjugated system takes place.

π

σ

σ

π

σ

The stability of (CH₃)₂C=CH₂ is more than that of CH₃CH₂CH=CH₂ due to

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Inductive Effect	Resonance Effect
In inductive effect only partial polarisation of sigma bond occur due to electronegativity difference due to which partial positive and partial negative charge develops. It is a distance dependent effect. Inductive effect is affected by the electronegativity values of the atoms	In resonance effect there is a complete displacement of π-bond or nonbonding electron pair from one part of the conjugated system to the other part due to which complete positive and negative charge develops. It is a distance independent effect. The resonance effect is affected by conjugation.