Question

Give three points of differences between inductive effect and resonance effect.

S.No	Inductive effect	Resonance effect
1	It involves displacement of a electrons in saturated compounds.	It involves displacement of $\%$ electrons or lone pair of electrons in unsaturated and conjugated compounds.
2	In inductive effect, there is slight displacement of $\sigma$ electrons and partial +ve or-ve charge develops.	In this effect, there is complete transfer of $\pi$ electrons and as a result, complete +ye or -ye charge develops.
3	Inductive effect can move only upto 3 to 4 carbons.	In this case, movement of electrons all along the length of conjugated system takes place.

Answer 1

(i) $C{H}_{3}OH$: It does not show resonance because of absence of $\pi$ electrons.

(ii) $RCON{H}_2$: It shows resonance due to the presence of lone pair on N atom and $\pi$ electrons on C = 0 bond. Hence, amide can be represented by three resonating structures.

(iii) $C{H}_{3}CH=CHC{H}_{2}N{H}_2$: As the lone pair of electrons on N atom, is not conjugated with the it electrons of double bond. Hence, it does not show resonance.