Question

Given below in the box are a set of 10 biological terms which can be matched into 5 pairs.

Example: Nephron — Kidney

Thyroid, adrenal medulla, Nephron, Thyroxin, Adrenalin, Kidney, Pituitary, Adrenal cortex, Aldosterone, FSH

Answer 1

(i) Thyroid Thyroxin

1. The thyroid gland is a bow-tie-shaped gland present just below the larynx with its lobes on either side of the trachea.
2. Lobes of the thyroid gland consist of numerous follicles which synthesize and secrete the hormone thyroxine.
3. Thyroxine regulates the basal metabolic rate (BMR) of the body and brings about the catabolism of sugars and fats and produces energy.

(ii) Adrenal medulla Adrenaline

1. Adrenal glands are two small yellowish conical-shaped glands each present just above the kidney.
2. The inner medulla region of the adrenal gland produces adrenaline.
3. Adrenaline (epinephrine) prepares the body for emergencies and increases the heartbeat rate and breakdown of glycogen.

(iii) Nephron Kidney

1. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidneys.
2. Nephron filters blood and produces a minuscule amount of urine.
3. The kidneys are pair of organs that filter waste material out from the blood and pass then out of the body as urine.

(iv) Pituitary FSH

1. The pituitary gland is a pea-sized, very small gland present just below the hypothalamus in the brain.
2. The anterior pituitary (anterior lobe) of the pituitary secretes follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
3. FSH in males stimulates spermatogenesis and in females, stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles (ovulation).

(v) Adrenal Cortex Aldosterone

1. The adrenal gland is two small yellowish conical glands present just above each kidney.
2. The adrenal gland is composed of two distinct regions, an outer cortex, and an inner medulla region.
3. Mineralocorticoids, Glucocorticoids, and sex corticoids are secreted by the adrenal medulla.
4. Aldosterone is the most important mineralocorticoid which regulates the balance of water and electrolytes (i.e; $N{a}^{+},C{L}^{-},K^{+}$) in our body.
5. Aldosterone also maintains normal blood volume and blood pressure in the body.

Gland Hormone

(i)Thyroid ………………………………………………Thyroxin (ii)Adrenal medulla……………………………………Adrenalin (iii)Nephron ……………………………………………Kidney (iv)Pituitary……………………………………………….FSH (v)Adrenal Cortex……………………………………..Aldosterone