Given below is an incomplete flow chart showing influence of hormones on gametogenesis in human females. Study it carefully and identify A, B, C and D.

A- FSH, B- LH, C- Ovary, D- Progesterone

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A- GnRH, B- FSH and LH, C- Ovary, D- Estrogen and progesterone

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A-GnRH, B- FSH, C- Testis, D- Testosterone

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A-LH, B- FSH, C- Testis, D- Testosterone

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Solution

The correct option is C A- GnRH, B- FSH and LH, C- Ovary, D- Estrogen and progesterone
Hypothalamus releases Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) that stimulates anterior pituitary to release FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) and LH (leuteinsing hormone). These hormones induce ovary to release estrogen and progesterone.

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Q. Testosterone is a steroid hormone produced by all vertebrate animals and, in humans and other mammals, it is secreted in large amounts by the testes of males and to a much lesser extent, the ovaries of females. In adult males, testosterone plays a key role in the development of reproductive organs and it promotes the secondary sexual characteristics of body and facial hair, increased muscle and bone mass, and a deep voice. Testosterone, like all hormones, works via long distance signaling and is regulated by other hormones as illustrated below:

Figure 1:

Testosterone regulation by cooperation between the hypothalamus, pituitary, and testicular endocrine glands. The major regulatory hormones involved are luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).

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2. FSH of pituitary
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Identify the correct match of column $I, I I$ and $I I I$ .

Column - $I$		Column - $I I$		Column - $I I I$
sertoli cells	a	LH	i	spermatogenesis
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Q. Identify the correct sequence of events from the following.
i. GnRH is produced in the brain
ii. It then moves to the pituitary gland situated just below the brain
iii. The pituitary gland releases LH and FSH into the bloodstream
iv. LH and FSH make gonads to secrete other hormones
v. These other hormones in males and females give rise to the changes observed at puberty

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