Given below is the flowchart depicting in-situ and ex-situ approaches to conserving biodiversity. Study it clearly and fill the incomplete parts (I – IV) of the flow chart.
Given below is the flowchart depicting in-situ and ex-situ approaches to conserving biodiversity. Study it clearly and fill the incomplete parts (I – IV) of the flow chart.
The correct option is D I – Biosphere reserves, II – National parks and wildlife sanctuaries, III - Sacred plants, Home gardens, IV – Seed banks, field gene banks, cryopreservation etc.
Conservation of biodiversity is the protection and management of biodiversity so that it can be used at optimum level such that sustainable benefits for the present as well as future generations can be obtained. Biodiversity conservation strategies are divided into two types:
-
In-situ (On-site)
-
Ex-situ (Off-site)
In-situ conservation – In this strategy protection and management of biodiversity happens via a network of protected areas in their natural habitat.
Protected areas include - Biosphere reserves, national parks, sanctuaries and sacred groves.
-
Biosphere reserves: Biosphere reserves cover a larger area. These are highly protected sites selected by UNESCO. These reserves promote hand in hand conservation and sustainable development in ecological, social and economic sense.
-
National Parks: National parks are protected areas that are funded and maintained by the national government. There are around 90 national parks in India which help in in-situ conservation of flora and fauna in their natural habitat.
-
Wildlife Sanctuaries: Wildlife sanctuaries are protected areas that focus on the conservation of animals/fauna in their natural environment.
-
Sacred groves: Some areas are considered sacred by the local communities and receive utmost respect and devotion. These regions are called sacred groves. This unique relationship ensures safety of these regions and these people are entrusted with the conservation here. There are four such sacred groves in India. Examples include: Khasi and Jaintia Hills in Meghalaya, Aravalli Hills of Rajasthan, Surguja, Chanda and Bastar areas of Madhya Pradesh, Western Ghats of Karnataka and Maharashtra.
Ex- situ conservation – It is the conservation of living beings outside their natural habitat in a controlled environment. Botanical gardens, zoological parks, growing sacred plants, seed banks and field gene banks, cryopreservation, etc are different types of ex-situ strategies for biodiversity conservation.
-
Offsite collection – They are the live collection of wild and domesticated species in botanical gardens, zoos, home gardens and also in the form of sacred plants (Tulsi plant).
-
Seed banks – In this type of ex-situ conservation, seeds can be stored for a long period of time. The seeds are dried and stored under strictly controlled conditions. These banks generally store seeds of threatened/endangered plant species or genetically diverse strains of commercially important crop plants.
-
Cryopreservation – In cryopreservation, liquid nitrogen is used for the preservation of living cells, tissues, organs or any biological construct indefinitely at a very low temperature of -196°C. Cryopreservation helps to protect the biological samples from any damage which may come due to ageing or microbial decay.
Conservation of biodiversity is the protection and management of biodiversity so that it can be used at optimum level such that sustainable benefits for the present as well as future generations can be obtained. Biodiversity conservation strategies are divided into two types:
-
In-situ (On-site)
-
Ex-situ (Off-site)
In-situ conservation – In this strategy protection and management of biodiversity happens via a network of protected areas in their natural habitat.
Protected areas include - Biosphere reserves, national parks, sanctuaries and sacred groves.
-
Biosphere reserves: Biosphere reserves cover a larger area. These are highly protected sites selected by UNESCO. These reserves promote hand in hand conservation and sustainable development in ecological, social and economic sense.
-
National Parks: National parks are protected areas that are funded and maintained by the national government. There are around 90 national parks in India which help in in-situ conservation of flora and fauna in their natural habitat.
-
Wildlife Sanctuaries: Wildlife sanctuaries are protected areas that focus on the conservation of animals/fauna in their natural environment.
-
Sacred groves: Some areas are considered sacred by the local communities and receive utmost respect and devotion. These regions are called sacred groves. This unique relationship ensures safety of these regions and these people are entrusted with the conservation here. There are four such sacred groves in India. Examples include: Khasi and Jaintia Hills in Meghalaya, Aravalli Hills of Rajasthan, Surguja, Chanda and Bastar areas of Madhya Pradesh, Western Ghats of Karnataka and Maharashtra.
Ex- situ conservation – It is the conservation of living beings outside their natural habitat in a controlled environment. Botanical gardens, zoological parks, growing sacred plants, seed banks and field gene banks, cryopreservation, etc are different types of ex-situ strategies for biodiversity conservation.
-
Offsite collection – They are the live collection of wild and domesticated species in botanical gardens, zoos, home gardens and also in the form of sacred plants (Tulsi plant).
-
Seed banks – In this type of ex-situ conservation, seeds can be stored for a long period of time. The seeds are dried and stored under strictly controlled conditions. These banks generally store seeds of threatened/endangered plant species or genetically diverse strains of commercially important crop plants.
-
Cryopreservation – In cryopreservation, liquid nitrogen is used for the preservation of living cells, tissues, organs or any biological construct indefinitely at a very low temperature of -196°C. Cryopreservation helps to protect the biological samples from any damage which may come due to ageing or microbial decay.
