Given the price of a good, how will a consumer decide as to how much quantity of that good to buy? Use utility analysis.
Given the price of a good, the consumer purchases that much of the commodity where the rupee worth of additional satisfaction (MUXPX) from the consumption of a unit more of a good is equal to marginal utility of money (MUM) for the consumer.
So, in a state of equilibrium, we have:
MUXPX=MUM