Question

Giving examples of homologous and analogous organs explain what they tell us about the process of evolution.

Answer 1

Homologous organs are those organs which have same origin & anatomical structure but performs different functions. This shows that the organisms are evolved from a common ancestor but their structure starts performing different functions due to different surroundings. Example - Forelimbs of cheetah, Forelimbs ofhumans and wings of bats and wings of birds.

Analogous organs are those organs which have different origin &anatomical structure but perform same functions. This shows that the organisms does not have a common ancestor and have different origin. For instance, birds, insects and bats have evolved from an ancient common ancestor without wings. Example - Eyes of octopus and eyes of mammals, Flippers of penguins and flippers of dolphin.