Goldstein discovered
Proton
The explanation of the correct option-
E. Goldstein discovered a positively charged particle called proton through the experiment of canal ray discharge tube experiment.
The explanation of the incorrect options-
(b) Neutron - It was discovered by James Chadwick and found that neutron particles are neutral.
(c) Electron - It was discovered by J.J Thomson in a discharge tube experiment and found that electron particles are negative particles.
(d) Mesons - It was discovered by Hideki Yukawa and is made up of quarks and antiquarks.
Therefore, option (a) is the correct answer.