Question

Hormones involved in carbohydrate metabolism are

• A. Insulin, glucagon, epinephrine and parathormone
• B. Insulin, glucagon, epinephrine and glucocorticoids
• C. Insulin, glucagon, glucocorticoid and calcitonin
• D. Insulin, glucagon, norepinephrine and melatonin

Answer 1

The correct option is B Insulin, glucagon, epinephrine and glucocorticoids

• Insulin is secreted from the β cells of islets of Langerhans of pancreas. Insulin acts on hepatocytes and adipocytes and increases the uptake of cellular glucose and its utilisation, thereby resulting in the decreased blood glucose levels.
• Glucagon is secreted from alpha cells of islets of Langerhans of pancreas. It increases blood sugar level by stimulating glycogenolysis (i.e. break down of glucose) and gluconeogenesis (synthesis of glucose).
• Epinephrine or Adrenaline, also known as emergency hormone, is secreted from the adrenal medulla. This hormone is associated with maintenance of homeostasis in body and is secreted in response to any kind of stress or emergency in the body. It regulates heartbeat and rate of respiration also.
• Glucocorticoids are secreted from adrenal cortex. They regulate carbohydrate metabolism, promote formation of glycogen and its storage and stimulates water reabsorption from renal tubules.
• Calcitonin is secreted from the C-cells of thyroid gland and acts on bone and kidneys to reduce blood calcium level.
• Parathormone is secreted from the parathyroid hormone and increases blood calcium level by increasing the reabsorption of calcium from the bones.
• Norepinephrine or nor-adrenaline is secreted from adrenal medulla and regulates blood pressure by causing vasoconstriction.
• Melatonin is secreted from pineal gland. It regulates circadian rhythm of body and pigmentation.

Hence, insulin, glucagon, epinephrine and glucocorticoids are involved in carbohydrate metabolism.

So, the correct answer is 'Insulin, glucagon, epinephrine and glucocorticoids'.