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Question

How are lanthanides extracted from monazite sand?

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Solution

The method used for the extraction of lanthanides from monazite sand consists of the steps which have been shown in flowsheet.
Individual lanthanides are separated by a suitable physical method. The anhydrous fluorides and chlorides are heated under argon atmosphere in presence of calcium at 1270 K to get the individual metal. The pure metal is obtained by heating the trifluorides of lanthanides in the presence of calcium and lithium.

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