Question

How are miscible liquids separated?

Answer 1

Fractionating Column Apparatus

1. The fractions of liquids in a mixture are separated from each other by using an apparatus called a fractionating column.
2. A fractionating column is a long, vertical glass tube packed with glass beads.
3. This provides a large surface area for hot vapours to cool and condense.
4. Generally, a fractionating column is regarded as an arrangement to provide different temperature zones inside it with the highest temperature at the bottom of the column and the lowest at the top.
5. Fractionating columns serve different purposes. vapors fractionating column is fitted to the neck distillation flask containing the mixture of liquids to be separated.

Process Separation by Fractional Distillation

1. Miscible liquids that can mix together – like water and ethanol$\left({\mathrm{C}}_2{\mathrm{H}}_5\mathrm{OH}\right)$.
2. The process of separation of two or more miscible liquids with differences in their boiling points close to each other into individual components by distillation is called fractional distillation.
3. In other words, the fractional distillation method is used to separate mixtures of completely miscible liquids based on the difference in their boiling point temperatures.
4. This method is applied when the mixture of liquids is miscible and has a difference in the boiling points of the liquid less than $25°\mathrm{c}$ under a pressure of one atmosphere.

Thus, the miscible liquids can be separated by the process of fractional distillation.