How are solutions generally classified? What is the basis of this classification?
How are solutions generally classified? What is the basis of this classification?
Types of Solution:
On the basis of concentration :
- Saturated solution: A solution, which at a given temperature dissolves as much solute as it is capable of dissolving, is said to be a saturated solution.
- Unsaturated solution: When the amount of solute contained in a solution is less than the saturation level, the solution is said to be an unsaturated solution.
- Supersaturated solution: A solution, which contains more of the solute than required to make a saturated solution, is called a supersaturated solution.
On the basis of solvent :
Aqueous Solutions: The solutions obtained by dissolving various substances in water are called aqueous solutions.
The common examples are :
- Common salt dissolved in water.
- Sugar dissolved in water.
- Acetic acid dissolved in water etc.
Non-Aqueous Solutions: The solutions obtained by dissolving the substances in liquids other than water are called non-aqueous solutions. The common non-aqueous solvents are alcohol, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, acetone, benzene etc. Examples of non-aqueous solutions are :
- Iodine dissolved in carbon tetrachloride.
Sulfur is dissolved in carbon disulfide.
Sugar dissolved in alcohol etc.
On the basis of the physical state of solute and solvent :
Solid-Solid solutions: All alloys are solid solutions of metals. Brass(30% of zinc and 70% of copper) is a solid solution. Similarly, Bell Metal is a solid solution of 80% of copper and 20% of tin.
Solid-Liquid solutions: Sugar solution is an example, in which sugar is the solute and water is the solvent. In the case of tincture of iodine, iodine is the solute and ethyl alcohol is the solvent.
Liquid-Liquid solutions: In the case of an alcoholic drink, ethyl alcohol is the solute and water is the solvent. Similarly, acetic acid is the solute and water is the solvent in vinegar.
Gas-Liquid solutions: In aerated drinks (soda water), carbon dioxide is the solute and water is the solvent.
Gas-Gas solutions: Air is a homogeneous mixture of two main gases, (78% of nitrogen and 21% of oxygen). In this mixture, nitrogen is solvent and oxygen is solute. Similarly, the petrol fed into the engines of automobiles is a mixture of petrol vapour and air.
Types of Solution:
On the basis of concentration :
- Saturated solution: A solution, which at a given temperature dissolves as much solute as it is capable of dissolving, is said to be a saturated solution.
- Unsaturated solution: When the amount of solute contained in a solution is less than the saturation level, the solution is said to be an unsaturated solution.
- Supersaturated solution: A solution, which contains more of the solute than required to make a saturated solution, is called a supersaturated solution.
On the basis of solvent :
Aqueous Solutions: The solutions obtained by dissolving various substances in water are called aqueous solutions.
The common examples are :
- Common salt dissolved in water.
- Sugar dissolved in water.
- Acetic acid dissolved in water etc.
Non-Aqueous Solutions: The solutions obtained by dissolving the substances in liquids other than water are called non-aqueous solutions. The common non-aqueous solvents are alcohol, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, acetone, benzene etc. Examples of non-aqueous solutions are :
- Iodine dissolved in carbon tetrachloride.
Sulfur is dissolved in carbon disulfide.
Sugar dissolved in alcohol etc.
On the basis of the physical state of solute and solvent :
Solid-Solid solutions: All alloys are solid solutions of metals. Brass(30% of zinc and 70% of copper) is a solid solution. Similarly, Bell Metal is a solid solution of 80% of copper and 20% of tin.
Solid-Liquid solutions: Sugar solution is an example, in which sugar is the solute and water is the solvent. In the case of tincture of iodine, iodine is the solute and ethyl alcohol is the solvent.
Liquid-Liquid solutions: In the case of an alcoholic drink, ethyl alcohol is the solute and water is the solvent. Similarly, acetic acid is the solute and water is the solvent in vinegar.
Gas-Liquid solutions: In aerated drinks (soda water), carbon dioxide is the solute and water is the solvent.
Gas-Gas solutions: Air is a homogeneous mixture of two main gases, (78% of nitrogen and 21% of oxygen). In this mixture, nitrogen is solvent and oxygen is solute. Similarly, the petrol fed into the engines of automobiles is a mixture of petrol vapour and air.
