How are the following compounds obtained from benzoic acid?
a) Ethyl benzoate
b) Benzyl alcohol
c) Benzene.

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Solution

a) Ethyl benzoate:
Benzoic acid is esterified with ethanol in presence of acid catalyst to form ethyl benzoate.
$C_{6} H_{5} C O O H + C_{2} H_{5} O H H^{+} - - \to C_{6} H_{5} C O O C_{2} H_{5} + H_{2} O$
b) Benzyl alcohol:
Benzoic acid is reduced with lithium aluminium hydride to form benzyl alcohol.
$C_{6} H_{5} C O O H L i A l H_{4} - --- \to C_{6} H_{5} C H O L i A l H_{4} - --- \to C_{6} H_{5} C H_{2} O H$
c) Benzene:
Benzoic acid is heated with sodalime. It undergoes decarboxylation to give benzene.
$C_{6} H_{5} C O O H C a O / Δ - --- \to N a O H C_{6} H_{6} + C O_{2}$

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