How can we get compound X back from Y? Name the process.

Saponification

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Hydrogenation

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Carbonation

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None of these

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Solution

The correct option is B Saponification
The molecular formula of a given organic compound is $C_{2} H_{4} O_{2}$ and it is also used as preservatives in pickles means it is acetic acid.
When acetic acid $(X)$ reacts with ethanol it forms sweet-smelling compound ester $(Y)$ .

$C H_{3} C O O H + C H_{3} C H_{2} O H \to C H_{3} C O O C_{2} H_{5} + H_{2} O$
$X$ $E t h a n o l$ $Y$

To get back $X$ (acetic acid) from $Y$ (ester), $Y$ is treated with sodium hydroxide, then ester is converted back into ethanol, and sodium salt of carboxylic acid(acetic acid) is formed.

$C H_{3} C O O C_{2} H_{5} + N a O H \to C_{2} H_{5} O H + C H_{3} C O O N a$
The process is known as saponification.

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