How did a citizen group called Friends of Arcata Marsh, Arcata, California, USA, help to improve water quality of the marshland using Integrated Waste Water Treatment? Explain in four steps.

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Solution

In Arcata, an innovative sewer water treatment is employed. The cleaning mainly occurs in 2 stages:
a) Conventional
In the conventional stage,
1) Firstly, sedimentation of the solid wastes in the water is done. This is called as primary treatment.
2) Then, water is filtered and disinfectant is added. The disinfectant commonly used is chlorine.
b) Innovative
The innovative stage is used to remove dangerous pollutants like
dissolved heavy metals. It involves the following steps:
3) After sedimentation, filtration, and chlorine treatment, the water is passed through the six series of marshes created over 60 hectares of marshland where appropriate fungi, algae, and plants are grown.
4) The fungi, algae, and plants are for the neutralization and assimilation of pollutants present in the water. Thus, the water is naturally purified.

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Q. Read the following statements (1 and 2) regarding the integrated waste water treatment process designed by the residents of Arcata town, situated along the northern coast of California.

Statement 1: Conventional methods are not used during the treatment of wastewater.

Statement 2: The plants, algae and other microorganisms present in the marshland neutralise, absorb and assimilate the pollutants.

Some students of class 7 were taken for an educational trip to Waste water treatment plant .The teacher explained the process of water treatment. Identify the correct order of the process.

Step I:The liquid material is passed through sedimentation tank where solid waste like faecal matter, sand, grit settles down.

Step II:This solid matter is then removed with the help of a scrapper. This is the sludge.

Step III: Waste water is passed through bar screens to remove big objects like cans, sticks, rags etc.

Step IV: A skimmer removes the floatable solids like oil, grease etc.

Step V: Air is pumped into clarified water to help aerobic bacteria to grow. The bacteria then consume the unwanted matter still present in clarified water.

Step VI: The clear water so obtained is called clarified water.

Step VII:The suspended microbes settle at the bottom & the water is removed from the top.

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