Question

How did Sommerfeld explain the fine structure of hydrogen spectrum?

Answer 1

1. Fine structure defines the splitting of atoms' spectral lines caused by electron spin and relativistic corrections to the non-relativistic Schrödinger equation in atomic physics. Albert was the first to precisely measure the hydrogen atom.
2. The atom was characterized in terms of two quantum numbers in the new and more broad Bohr–Sommerfeld theory, whereas Bohr had only used one. The Stark effect, the conventional Zeeman effect, and the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum were all explained by this extension.
3. The fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum, according to Sommerfeld, is caused by the sub-energy levels or subshells associated with each primary energy level.
4. Because the energies of electrons revolving in distinct elliptical orbits belonging to the same main energy level change, these sub-energy levels or subshells exist.