Question

How did the European countries resolve their post-Second World War problem? Briefly outline the attempts that led to the formation of the European Union.

Answer 1

Having a devastating effect on the economies of European countries, the Second World War had brought about far-reaching consequences in Europe. The war had broken many myths. The imperialistic designs of European countries brought about acute hostilities and rivalries.
Therefore, after the Second World War, European nations called for restructuring their relations based on mutual understanding, peace and cooperation. There was a compelling need to establish an institution that would bring about positive contributions of European nations to the world. Thus, it was the result of a collective endeavour on the part of European countries to form the European Union. The following attempts eventually culminated in the formation of the European Union:

a. After the Second World War, European integration was supported by the US to revive European economies and to grant financial and economic aid. Under the Marshall Plan, massive financial aid was extended to Europe.
b. Under the Marshall Plan, the Organisation for European Economic Cooperation was set up in 1948.
c. In 1949, the Council of Europe was established to bring about greater cooperation and coordination on policy matters.
d. In 1951, six West European countries, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands, set the pace for greater cooperation, entered into the Treaty of Paris and formed the European Coal and Steel Community.
e. In 1957, the founding members further signed the Treaties of Rome, establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom).
f. There was an increase in the membership of the European Community, with countries like the UK and Denmark joining the forum.
g. A major breakthrough came in 1979, when the Parliament of the European Economic Community was established with directly elected representatives.
h. Disintegration of the Soviet Union and fall of communism across Central and Eastern Europe accelerated the integration process, culminating in the formation of the European Union in 1992, with the signing of the Treaty of Maastricht.
i. In 1993, the idea of single market within Europe took shape, with free movement of goods, services, people and money.
j. Thus, the gradual evolution of the European Union from an economic union to an increased political organisation was witnessed, with member states cooperating heavily on security and defence related matters as well.