The correct option is C All the above
Large areas of forest were cleared for tea, rubber and coffee plantation. They also cleared the forest for timber. Moreover, the forests were also enclosed for commercial purposes. This led to wide scale deforestation and loss of livelihood for people who depended upon forest resources. For the pastoral communities it meant shrinking of grazing grounds for their cattle. Some of them were labelled as criminal tribes and were forced to work in factories, mines and plantations.