How do bats calculate the distance between them and their prey?

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Solution

Bats search out prey and fly in dark night by emitting and detecting reflections of ultrasonic waves. The high-pitched ultrasonic squeaks of the bat are reflected from the obstacles or prey and returned to bat’s ear.

The nature of reflections tells the bat where the obstacle or prey is and what it is like.
This system of finding prey is called echolocation - locating things by their echoes.

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