Question

How do emulsifying agents stabilise the emulsion?

Answer 1

Emulsifiers stabilize an emulsion by reducing the interfacial tension between two liquids forming the emulsion. Emulsifiers are long-chain molecules with polar groups.

For example, casein (milk protein) is an emulsifier. It forms a protective layer around fat molecules dispersed in water. This reduces interfacial tension and stabilizes the emulsion.

Another example includes soap as an emulsifying agent. Soap molecules form a protective film around each oil droplet. This reduces interfacial tension and stabilizes the emulsion.