Question

How do m-RNA, t-RNA and ribosomes help in the process of translation? [5]

Answer 1

Translation refers to the process of polymerisation of amino acids to form a polypeptide. The order and sequence of amino acids are defined by the codons of mRNA. [1]

tRNA is an adapter molecule that has an anticodon loop that has bases complementary to the code, and it also has an amino acid accepter end to which it binds to amino acids. tRNAs are specific for each amino acid. [1]
For initiation, there is another specific tRNA that is referred to as initiator tRNA. There are no tRNAs for stop codons. [1]

In its inactive state, ribosomes exists as two subunits; a large subunit and a small subunit. When the small subunit encounters an mRNA, the process of translation begins. [1]
There are two sites in the large subunit, for subsequent amino acids to bind to and thus, be close enough to each other for the formation of a peptide bond. [1]