Question

How do non flowering plants reproduce?

Answer 1

Non-flowering plants:

The non-flowering flora, in which the flower part is absent, or the mode of reproduction does not happen with the help of flower-fruit bearing common fertilization process.

Reproduction in non-flowering plants:

1. Mosses:

1. Mosses grow like a stretch on a large carpet area.
2. They are nonvascular, which means they do not have a root-stem system to transport water.
3. Instead, they absorb water through the entire surface.
4. They reproduce sexually using spore-bearing capsules called sporangia.
5. In asexual mode, the leaf or stem breaks off and regenerates itself to recreate a new moss.

2. Gymnosperms:

They include cycads and conifers, which bear coverless seeds.

3. Ferns:

1. They are vascular plants.
2. The stems in ferns are rhizomes that grow along the ground and underground.
3. They reproduce through leaves.
4. These leaves are called sporophylls, which bear spores, that germinate in humid and moist soil to produce new ferns.

4. Bryophytes and Pteridophytes:

1. Bryophytes are non-vascular plants, without xylem and phloem. They reproduce by gamete formation. For eg., mosses, liverworts and hornworts.
2. Spores are produced in a specialized shape known as sporangia.
3. Bryophytes and pteridophytes are in the main homosporous, i.e. they produce comparable spores.

5. Gymnosperms :

Gymnosperms reproduce with the aid of using seeds, however, it isn't determined in the ovary or fruit, they're characterized with the aid of using the presence of bare ovules.