Question

How do the characteristics of mother and father get transmitted in a human body?

Answer 1

• The process by which the characteristics are transmitted from parents to their offspring is called Heredity.
• The set of genes that an offspring inherits from both parents which is the combination of the genetic material of each is called the organism's genotype.
  
• In humans, there are 22 chromosomes pairs (autosomes) + a pair of sex chromosomes.
• In males, the sex chromosome is XY and in females, it is XX.
• These X and Y chromosomes and other chromosomes carry genes.
• These genes contain traits or characters of the mother and father.
  
• When a sperm fuses the ova to form the zygote or future embryo these genes from both mother and father combine together which determine the characteristics in the baby.
• Eg- colour of hair, colour of eye, height etc.