Deposits of minerals and salts formed inside our kidneys are called kidney stones.
Improper diet, excess body weight, and some medical conditions can lead to the formation of such stones.
Small stones can be broken down by medicines and allowed to pass through urine by drinking lots of water.
However, large kidney stones require surgical intervention.
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is a surgical procedure for removing kidney stones using certain instruments like telescopes which are inserted through a small incision in the back.
Other procedures like shock wave lithotripsy that uses high-energy sound waves to break up the stones are also used.