To find the square root of a number by long division method:
Step I: Group the digits in pairs, starting with the digit in the unit place. Each pair is called a period.
Step II: Think of a number whose square is equal to or just less than the first period. Take this number as the divisor and also as the quotient.
Step III: Subtract the product of quotient and divisor from the first period and bring down the next period to the right of remainder. This becomes the new dividend.
Step IV: Now, the new divisor is obtained by taking two times the quotient and annexing with it a suitable digit which is also taken as the next digit of the quotient , choose in such a way that the product of the new divisor and this digit is equal to or just less than the new dividend.
Step v: Repeat the steps (II), (III) and (IV) till all the periods have been taken up. Now, the quotient so obtained is the required square root of the given number.
Example: Let us find square root of 196 as follows
Therefore, the square root of the 196 is 14