Question

How do you add electric potential?

Answer 1

Electric potential: The charge of the substance sensing the electric field determines the electric potential energy, whereas the position alone determines the electric potential. Electrical potential is the theoretical energy per charge. An electric potential is the amount of work required to move a positive unit charge from a reference point to a specific location within the field without causing any acceleration.

1. The amount of labor required in an electrical field to move a unit charge from one point to another is defined as the electrical potential difference. In other terms, the term "potential difference" refers to the difference in electric potential between two charged bodies. Volts are used to measure potential differences.
2. The electrical potential is measured using a voltmeter, and fluctuations in potential energy are expressed in terms of joules per coulomb (i.e., volts) in the International System of Units (SI).

Combination of cells in series: The cells are connected in parallel to obtain the highest current when the external resistance is minimal compared to the internal resistance.
When joined end to end, cells are connected in series such that the same amount of electricity must flow through each cell.

1. The battery's emf is the total of each cell's individual EMFs.
2. The current in each cell, as well as the current across the entire arrangement, is the same.
3. The sum of the battery's separate internal resistances equals the battery's overall internal resistance.

Total emf of the battery$=nE$ (for $n$ no. of identical cells)
Total Internal resistance of the battery$=nr$
Total resistance of the circuit$=nr+R$

(i) If $R<<nr$, then $I=\frac{E}{r}$ (ii) If $nr<<R$, then $I=n\left(\frac{E}{R}\right)$.

Combination of cells in Parallel: When cells are united positively to positively and negatively to negatively so that current is distributed throughout the cells, this is referred to as a parallel connection.

1. The battery's emf is identical to that of a single cell.
2. The cells each receive an equal share of the external circuit's current.
3. The sum of the reciprocals of each internal resistance makes up the internal resistance as a whole.

Total emf of the battery$=E$
Total Internal resistance of the battery$=\frac{r}{n}$
Total resistance of the circuit$=\left(\frac{r}{n}\right)+R$

(i) If $R<<\frac{r}{n}$, then $I=n\left(\frac{E}{r}\right)$ (ii) If $\frac{r}{n}<<R$, then $I=\frac{E}{R}$.