Question

How do you calculate modulation?

Answer 1

Modulation:

1. It is the process of converting data into radio waves by adding information to an electronic or optical carrier signal.
2. In modulation, we vary one or more properties of a periodic waveform, called a carrier wave with a modulating signal to get the desired transmitting signal.
3. Modulation is applied to electromagnetic signals such as radio waves, lasers or optics, and computer networks.

There are different types of modulation:

Amplitude Modulation(AM): The amplitude of the carrier wave is varied in accordance with the message signal, and the other factors like frequency and phase remain constant.

Frequency Modulation(FM): The frequency of the carrier wave is varied in proportion to the message or data signal while maintaining other parameters constant, that is amplitude and phase are kept constant.

Phase Modulation: Thre carriers phase is varied in accordance with the data signal in this type of modulation, when the phase of the carrier wave is changed it also affects its frequency, so this modulation also comes under frequency modulation.

Modulation factor is expressed as the rate of change of amplitude in the carrier wave after the process of modulation to the amplitude of the unmodulated carrier wave:

$\begin{array}{rcl}\therefore \mathrm{Modulation}\mathrm{factor}\left(\mathrm{m}\right)& =& \frac{\mathrm{Amplitude}\mathrm{change}\mathrm{of}\mathrm{carrier}\mathrm{wave}\mathrm{after}\mathrm{modulation}}{\mathrm{Amplitude}\mathrm{change}\mathrm{of}\mathrm{carrier}\mathrm{wave}\mathrm{before}\mathrm{modulation}}\\ & & \end{array}$