Any environmental element that inhibits the growth, metabolic activities, or distribution of organisms or populations by its decline, rise, absence, or presence is known as a limiting factor.
These are the resources or environmental factors that restrict an ecosystem's ability to spread or expand.
Low rainfall and high temperatures, for example, will hinder colonization in a desert ecosystem.
Photosynthesis, for example, is affected by numerous parameters, including light, temperature, and carbon dioxide concentration.
However, on a warm bright day, carbon dioxide concentration will be the limiting factor because light and temperature are at optimal levels.