Question

How do you remove ripples from DC?

Answer 1

Ripple voltage

1. Ripple voltage means the amount of AC voltage that appears on a DC voltage, generally, the ripple voltage is when the converter converts the AC voltage into a DC voltage, but the AC voltage cannot be completely removed.
2. In rectified DC output, ripple is the varying AC component.
3. A rectifier's output can either be DC current or voltage.
4. Due to this, the AC fluctuation component in DC output current and voltage is referred to as current ripple and voltage ripple, respectively.
5. The amount of AC voltage that is superimposed, the DC output is given as a percentage of the nominal output voltage or in peak-to-peak volts.
6. Two crucial factors that affect the output of the power supply are regulation and ripple content.
7. High-quality supplies are tightly controlled and have minimal turbulence.
8. The output DC from a power supply's conversion of AC to DC pulses in time with the location-dependent mains supply frequency, which is either $50Hz$ or $60Hz$.
9. Regardless of the switching frequency, the ripple frequency is always the same as the mains for half-bridge rectifiers and twice as fast for full-bridge rectifiers.
10. Ripple voltage is given by $V_{Ripple}=\frac{I_{\text{Load}}}{f\times C}Volts$,
11. Where $I$(load) is the load current, $f$ is the frequency, and $C$ is the capacitance of the smoothing capacitor.
12. To reduce the output voltage ripple and noise, connecting a large capacitor to the output of the converter as a low capacitance will not be effective.
    
13. The capacitor increases the DC voltage and decreases the ripple voltage components of the output.
14. The ripple factor can be lowered by increasing the value of the filter capacitor or increasing the load resistance.
15. Capacitors may be connected in parallel to increase the value as long as the load current is not too large.

Ripples' effects
While some equipment may withstand ripples, sensitive audio and test instruments may not perform as well with high-rising ripple supplies. The following are a few waves that have occurred:

1. Adversely impacts delicate instrumentation
2. May lead to capacitors heating up and being harmed.
3. Contaminates audio circuits with noise
4. Tamper with TV broadcasts.
5. Cause data corruption, inaccurate outputs in logic circuits, and faults in digital circuits.