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Question

How do you write the electron configuration for Ni2+?


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Solution

Electronic configuration:-

  • Electron configuration of an element shows us how the electrons are distributed in its atomic orbitals.
  • The electron configurations of atoms follow a standard notation in which all the atomic subshells that contain electrons (with the number of electrons they hold written in superscript) are placed in a certain sequence.
  • For example, the atomic number of Sodium is 11 and its electron configuration is 1s22s22p63s1.

Aufbau principle:-

  • The Aufbau principle states how the electrons are filled in their atomic orbitals of an atom that is in its ground state.
  • The principle states that electrons are filled into the atomic orbitals in the increasing order of the orbital energy level.
  • According to the Aufbau principle, the available atomic orbitals which have the lowest energy levels are occupied before those which have higher energy levels.
  • A diagram is given below which illustrates us the order in which atomic orbitals are filled:

  • Here, nrefers to the principal quantum number whereas, lrefers to the azimuthal quantum number.
  • When l=0 it is the s-orbital, when l=1 it is the p-orbital, when l=2 it is the d-orbital and when l=3 it is the f-orbital

Electronic configuration of Nickel:-

  • Atomic number of Nickel is 28, that is Nickel has a total of 20 electrons.
  • Since 1s orbital can hold a maximum of 2 electrons, so first 2 electrons will fill the 1s orbital, and the next 2 electrons will fill the 2s orbital.
  • The next six electrons of Calcium will go in the 2p orbital, as the p orbital can hold up to six electrons.
  • The 2p orbital will be completely filled with six electrons and after that, the next two electrons will move up to fill the 3s orbital.
  • Similarly in the same fashion, the next 6 electrons will fill up the 3p orbital.
  • Again the, 2 electrons will be placed in the 4s orbital.
  • And lastly, the remaining 8 electrons will be placed in the 3d orbital, as the d-orbital can accommodate up to 10 electrons.
  • Therefore, the electronic configuration of Nickel in the ground state is1s22s22p63s23p64s23d8.
  • But here it is asked to write the electronic configuration of Ni2+, which means it has 2 electrons less.
  • Now, these 2 electrons will be removed during a reaction from the outermost 4s orbital, rather than the 3d orbital.
  • Now the new electronic configuration of Ni2+is 1s22s22p63s23p63d8
  • This filling up of the orbitals with electrons is according to the Aufbau principle.

Therefore, the electronic configuration of Ni2+according to the Aufbau principle can be written as1s22s22p63s23p63d8.


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