Dear student
When CaO is added to water, it forms Ca(OH)2 and releases heat according to the reaction given below:
CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2 + Heat
This Calcium hydroxide solution is applied to the walls of the house , then it reacts with the Carbon dioxide present in the air to give a thin , shining layer of Calcium carbonate on the walls of the house.
Since this process gives a white, shining appearance to the walls , it is called White-Washing. The chemical reaction taking place is as follows:
Ca(OH)2 (aq) + CO2(g) CaCO3 (s) + H2O(l)
Regards