Question

how does ENSO affect Indian monsoon?

Answer 1

El nino and La nina together affect the monsoonal conditions in India. They are key players in sea surface temperatures in South Pacific Oceans. The El nino is typically a cycle which lasts from 2 to nine years. During this warm currents flow towards the eastern edge of South Pacific Sea towards Chile and Peru in South America. The warm currents in turn cause a low pressure area which attracts moisture laden monsoon winds from the Indian Ocean. This in turn results in a weakened monsoon in Southeast Asia and Africa. The opposite happens in the case of La nina which causes high pressure region due to cold currents in the South American coast. This causes a strong monsoon in the Indian Ocean region.