Question

how does liver make bile juice?

Answer 1

Bile is a complex aqueous secretion that originates from hepatocytes and is modified distally by absorptive and secretory transport systems in the bile duct epithelium. Bile then enters the gallbladder where it is concentrated or is delivered directly to the intestinal lumen.

A hepatocyte is a cell of the
main parenchymal tissue of the liver. Hepatocytes make up 70-85% of the liver's mass. These cells are involved in:

• Protein synthesis
• Protein storage
• Transformation of carbohydrates
• Synthesis of cholesterol ,bile salts and phospholipids
• Detoxification, modification, and excretion of exogenous and endogenous substances
• Initiation of formation and secretion of bile

The liver receives many lipids from the systemic circulation and metabolizes chylomicron remnants . It also synthesizes cholestrol from acetate and further synthesizes bile salts.

Bile formation is an osmotic secretory process that is driven by the active concentration of bile salts in the bile canaliculi. Bile acids are produced from cholesterol and prior to being excreted from hepatocytes are bound to specific amino acids allowing them to exist as bile salts. One side of the bile salt molecule is negatively charged (hydrophilic) whilst the other is hydrophobic allowing bile salts to form micelles once a certain bile salt concentration has been reached.