Tread patterns can improve friction, if and only if the surface you're rubbing the sole against is really rough, or if there are loose particles, like sand or rocks inbetween the sole and the surface. It's thought that the tread pattern can interlock into the 'ridges' of the rough surface to stop the 'sliding', meanwhile if there are loose particles, it 'hide' in between the tread patterns so as to not decrease the contact between the sole and the surface