Dear student,
The telephone uses a mouthpiece, composed of a transmitter, which is made up of a thin metal diaphragm.
Inside the diaphragm is a small chamber filled with carbon granules. When we speak, sound waves cause the granules to compress, which allows a low-voltage electric current to pass.
The basics of any telephone is that it turns your voice into an electrical signal which can travel over wires (telephone lines). Then, the other telephone turns that electrical signal into sound again
Regards