How does UV rays causes ageing ?

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Solution

Upon exposure to UVB rays, the melanocytes and basal cells present in the epidermal layer produce melanin, a pigment that gives the skin its color tone. The UVB rays will cause the formation of freckles and dark spots, that are symptoms of photoaging or aging due to light radiation.

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Question 113(i)

Sunscreens block harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays produced by the sun. Each sunscreen has a Sun Protection Factor (SPF) that tells you how many minutes you can stay in the sun before you receive one minute of burning UV rays. e.g. If you apply sunscreen with SPF 15, you get one minute of UV rays for every 15 minutes you stay in the sun.
- A sunscreen with SPF 15 allows only $\frac{1}{15}$ of the sun's UV rays. What percent of UV rays does the sunscreen with SPF 15 abort?

Question 113(ii)

Sunscreens block harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays produced by the sun. Each sunscreen has a Sun Protection Factor (SPF) that tells you how many minutes you can stay in the sun before you receive one minute of burning UV rays. e.g. If you apply sunscreen with SPF 15, you get one minute of UV rays for every 15 minutes you stay in the sun.
- Suppose, a sunscreen allows 25% of the sun's UV rays.
(a) What fraction of UV rays does this sunscreen block? Give your answer in lowest terms.
(b) Use your answer from part (a) calculate this sunscreen's SPF. Explain how you found your answer?

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