Question

How energy is formed from oxidation of carbohydrates, fats and proteins? Correct the diagram given below.

Answer 1

Carbohydrates are the major sources of energy and this energy is produced in the form of ATP. Glucose which is a type of carbohydrate undergoes oxidation in the presence of oxygen to produce ATP. It undergoes three steps to get completely oxidised and the end products which are obtained are CO₂, energy and water. Glucose may also undergo anaerobic respiration under certain circumstances.
Proteins are biomolecules which are made up of several amino acids that are joined together by peptide bonds. For every 1 gram of protein which is digested 4 Kcal energy is released. Proteins are digested and broken down into amino acids which are then absorbed by the various cells of the body. These amino acids are then used for the synthesis of proteins required by cells and the body.
Fats are molecules which are made up of fatty acids and glycerol. Digestion of fats yield fatty acids which are absorbed by the cells and used as per their requirement. For example, fatty acids are used for producing hormones like progesterone, estrogen etc.