How is acetic acid prepared from ethanol and acetylene?

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Solution

With the use of acidic potassium dichromate ( $K_{2} C r_{2} O_{7}$ ), acetic acid ( $C H_{3} C O O H$ ) is prepared in the lab by the oxidation of ethanol ( $C_{2} H_{5} O H$ ).
$\underset{e t h a n o l}{C_{2} H_{5} O H (a q)} \overset{O x i d a t i o n}{\to} \underset{a c e t a l d e h y d e}{C H_{3} C H O} \overset{O x i d a t i o n}{\to} \underset{a c e t i c a c i d}{C H_{3} C O O H (a q)}$
Acetic acid is made by converting acetaldehyde ( $C H_{3} C H O$ ) to acetic acid ( $C H_{3} C O O H$ ) by passing it through $40 %$ sulfuric acid ( $H_{2} S O_{4}$ ) in the presence of $1 %$ Mercury(II) sulphate ( $H g S O_{4}$ ) at $60 ° C$ . The acetaldehyde is next oxidised to acetic acid at $70 ° C$ in the presence of a manganese acetate ( $C_{4} H_{6} M n O_{4}$ ) catalyst.
The chemical process for making acetic acid from acetylene is as follows:
$\underset{a c e t y l e n e}{C_{2} H_{2} (l)} + \underset{w a t e r}{H_{2} 0 (l)} \to_{H g S O_{4}}^{d i l . H_{2} S O_{4}} \underset{a c e t a l d e h y d e}{C H_{3} C H O} \underset{a c e t a l d e h y d e}{C H_{3} C H O} + [O] \to_{∆}^{c a t a l y s t} \underset{a c e t i c a c i d}{C H_{3} C O O H (a q)}$

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