Question

How is acid-base balance maintained in human body.

Answer 1

Acid-base balance in the human body is essential for all living organisms. Usually, the human body maintains the $pH$ of blood close to $7.40$. A doctor evaluates a person's acid-base balance by measuring the $pH$ and levels of $C{O}_2$ (an acid) and bicarbonate (a base) in the blood. It takes only seconds for the chemical buffers in blood to make adjustments to $pH$. The respiratory systems can adjust the blood $pH$ upward by exhaling $C{O}_2$ from the body. The renal systems can also adjust blood $pH$ through excretion of $H^{+}$ ions and the conservation of $HC{O}_3^{⊝}$. Protein buffer systems work predominantly inside cells.