Question

How is AIDS recognized?

Answer 1

AIDS:

1. The Human Immunodeficiency Virus is what causes and spreads AIDS (HIV).
2. This virus is thought to belong to the retrovirus group of viruses, which are typically coated by an envelope made of a lipid bilayer obtained from the host cell membrane and projecting knob-like spikes of glycoprotein with a pedicel made of glycoproteins encoded by the virus.

Tests for detecting AIDS:

1. Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay is the most frequently used AIDS diagnostic test (ELISA). The most preferred and sensitive test for determining the presence of antibodies (Ab) or particular antigens is the ELISA (Ag).
2. For the purpose of verifying ELISA positive instances, the western blotting test is used.

ELISA:

1. An enzyme-linked Ab that can react with the particular antigens is introduced in this method.
2. When Ag is inserted into the well, the enzyme-linked Ab binds to it and keeps it there.
3. The enzyme's colorless substrate is included.
4. The creation of the color and its production point to the existence of Ag.
5. The serum thought to contain the Abs is then added after rinsing to eliminate extra Ag.
6. Then comes the enzyme-linked antibody that can react with the constant region of other Abs, and finally comes the colorless substrate.
7. The evolution of the colour signals the presence of the Ab that is being recognized.