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Preparation of Carboxylic Acids

How is benzam...

Question

How is benzamide obtained from benzoic acid?

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Solution

Benzoic acid reacts with $N H_{3}$ to form an ammonium salt, which on heating decompose to form benzamide.
$P h - C O O H + N H_{3} ⇌ P h - C O O^{-} N H_{4}^{+} Δ - \to P h - C O - N H_{2} + H_{2} O$

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Q. a) Give resonating structure of carboxylic group?
b) Give chemical reaction to obtain the following.
i) Carboxylic acid from Grignard reagent.
ii) Benzoic acid from ethyl benzoate.
iii) Benzamide from benzoic acid.
c) Give resonating structures of propenoic acid?
d) How will you distinguish aldehyde, ketone & carboxylic acid.

Q. Benzoic acid can be obtained from alkyl benzene, by treatment with which of the following reagent?

Q. (a) Write a test to distinguish between aldehydes and ketones.
(b) How will you prepare benzaldehyde by Etard's reaction?
(c) How will you bring about the following conversions? (Write the chemical equations)
(i) Ethanol

\to

Ethanoic acid
(ii) Benzamide

\to

Benzoic acid
(iii) Benzaldehyde

\to

Meta-nitrobenzaldehyde.

Q. a) i) How do you convert benzoic acid to benzamide? Write the reaction.
ii) Complete the reaction : (please find above image)
b) What happens when carbonyl compounds are treated with hydrazine? Write the reaction.

Accomplish the following conversions:

(i) Nitrobenzene to benzoic acid

(ii) Benzene to m-bromophenol

(iii) Benzoic acid to aniline

(iv) Aniline to 2,4,6-tribromofluorobenzene

(v) Benzyl chloride to 2-phenylethanamine

(vi) Chlorobenzene to p-chloroaniline

(vii) Aniline to p-bromoaniline

(viii) Benzamide to toluene

(ix) Aniline to benzyl alcohol.

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