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Sigma and Pi Bonds

How is C-C bo...

Question

How is C-C bond length less than C-Cl bond length?

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Solution

The distance between the centres of two covalently bonded atoms is called Bond Length. It is determined by the number of bonded atoms.

The higher the bond order, the stronger the pull between the two atoms and the shorter the bond length.

Bond length increases in the following order:

triple bond < double bond < single bond

In the compound C-Cl , the bond length of a C-Cl bond is approx 174 pm This is due to the larger the difference in electronegativity of bonded atoms, the larger the dipole moment will be and also the disparities in size and polarizability also effect the separation of charges between two atoms.

Here chlorine's larger size decreases the effectiveness of orbital overlap in bonding, and chlorine's increasing polarizability enchances more partial negative charge than by its electronegativity alone.

In the compound where C-C bonding takes place, the bond length is generally 154 pm

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